A demonstration project of special speed zoning at six trial sites used manually operated signs and flashing yellow lights to reduce the speed limit during the periods that the supervisor was controling the school crossing. Significant reductions in free vehcile speeds were obtained. Part-time school speed zones which operate at the same times as the school crossing were accepted by drivers with a minimum of enforcement and no specific publicity. Part-time school speed zones are considered to be safe and effective in reducing vehicle speeds at supervised school crossings.

AIM: To describe and evaluate a shaken baby prevention programme trialled in the Auckland District Health Board from January 2010, to December 2011. METHOD: Development and implementation of the programme, telephone survey of a sample of caregivers and written survey of a sample of providers. RESULTS: At least 2,592 caregivers received the trial programme. 150 (6%) were surveyed by telephone a median of 6 weeks later. 128 (85%) remembered at least one key message, unprompted; most commonly "It's OK to walk away" (94/150, 63%). When asked, 92% had made a plan for what to do when frustrated and 63% had shared the information with others. Only 98/150 (65%) watched the programme DVD. Many said they already knew about the risks of shaking a baby, but still found the programme highly relevant. Thirty-one nurses were surveyed. There was a high degree of agreement that the programme was relevant. Barriers to programme delivery included time, workload and the documentation required. CONCLUSION: A shaken baby prevention programme adapted to New Zealand can be introduced in a District Health Board and is acceptable to caregivers and health professionals. Further research is needed to evaluate the content, mode of delivery and effectiveness of this programme.

This item is a printed out poster from the website for 'Susysafe', the 'Surveillance System on Suffocation Injuries due to Foreign Bodies in European Children' (started 2005). The poster includes the message: "Injuries due to foreign bodies can end in fatalities, 70% of incidents happen while the child is with an adult: active supervision is the key to prevention." It includes images of the main problematic 'foreign bodies': nuts and seeds, coins, pearls, balls and marbles, pins and needles, toys, pebbles, stationary, plastic, bones, paper, batteries and jewellery. It also describes the age group of children most frequently affected by each category, activity or location involved, medical presentation, possible medical complications and whether immediate referral to a doctor is necessary. For more see: http://www.susysafe.org/v2/default.php?lang=us&u;=

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of tricycle-related injuries in children presenting to US emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: Data regarding tricycle injuries in children younger than 18 years of age were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for calendar years 2012 and 2013. Data included body regions injured, ED disposition, and demographics. RESULTS: There were an estimated 9340 tricycle-related injuries treated in US EDs from 2012 to 2013. The average age was 3 years. Children 2 years of age had the highest frequency of injuries. Boys accounted for 63.6% of all injuries. Children 1 to 2 years of age represented 51.9% of all injuries. Lacerations were the most common type of injury. Internal organ damage was the most common type of injury in 3- and 5-year-olds. Contusions were the most common type of injury in 1- and 7-year-olds. The head was the most commonly injured region of the body and the most common region to endure internal damage. The elbows were the most commonly fractured body part. The upper extremity was more frequently fractured than the lower extremity. Approximately 2.4% of all injured children were admitted to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The upper extremity of children, particularly the elbow, was more frequently fractured than the lower extremity. The head was the most common body part to endure internal damage. By elucidating the characteristics of tricycle-related injuries, preventive measures can be implemented to decrease the incidence of tricycle-related injuries and ED visits.

The aim of this study was to describe the trip characteristics of vehicle crashes involving children, and to examine the effect of situational factors on front row seating or inappropriate restraint for young children (<16 years). Children were involved in vehicle crashes that occur under circumstances that likely describe the common trips that children take in cars rather than unusual circumstances. Recommendations for optimal safety are summarised. Contains statistical tables.

This DVD was made in 2004 as a result of concern among professional truck drivers and the general public about the safety of child cyclists around large trucks in the Hawke's Bay after several incidents of death and serious injury to cyclists. It was made with help from: the Road Safety Trust, the New Zealand Police, Hawke's Bay trucking/ transport companies and Havelock North Intermediate. It includes 'chapters' on: drivers' direct visibility and mirror visibility of child cyclists - blind spots, trucks making left turns - blind spots and the chance of the trailer moving in over the curb (and crushing an unseen bike), the air blast from trucks and roundabout blind spots. The mother of a boy killed while riding a bicycle is also briefly interviewed.

Resulting from consultation and a review of relevant health literature, 'The TUHANZ memorandum' is an understanding about how the Treaty of Waitangi can be applied in a meaningful and practical way by health promoters in Aotearoa-New Zealand. From consultation with Maori and non-Maori health promoters in Aotearoa-New Zealand, certain gaps in relation to Treaty based health promotion practice were identified. The 'TUHANZ Memorandum' is a framework that applies the articles and provisions of te Tiriti o Waitangi as specific goals for which health promoters can identify achievable and appropriate objectives and strategies. The TUHANZ Memorandum was constructed for two reasons: 1. To express an understanding about Treaty based health promotion practice in Aotearoa-New Zealand; and 2. to provide a useful Treaty implementation process for health promoters in Aotearoa-New Zealand.

This document begins with the background to the development of TUHA-NZ. In the second section there is an overview of the relationship of te Tiriti and health and concepts of health promotion and Mäori health. In the third section the three articles of the Mäori text of te Tiriti and their English translation are outlined and the implications for each are discussed. For each of the three articles, a health goal for health promotion practice is defined and explained. Suggestions and examples are given for identifying specific objectives, strategies and performance indicators to help realise the goals in the workplace and in health promotion practice. In section four, several factors are discussed which health promotion organisations and practitioners should consider in order to assist their understanding, approaches and practices in working with te Tiriti.

This is a presentation given at the Treaty Conference 2000 by the Health Promotion Forum, which is an umbrella organisation for the health promotion workforce. It details the development of TUHA-NZ (A Tiriti Understanding of Hauora in Aotearoa-New Zealand) and demonstrates how the health promotion workforce is using treaty based practice in their work.

This is a postcard from Plunket with a child passenger safety theme which reinforces the importance of child restraints. It features a picture of a child in a car seat thinking about things of interest to children, with the following safety message text on the reverse side: [Car seats save lives- increasing the chance of surviving a crash by over 70%] in te reo Maori. These postcards are also available in English, Samoan and Chinese language. (Also see rec #s 8033, 8035, 8036).

This booklet is aimed at preschoolers and covers basic pedestrian safety. It is BILINGUAL, Samaon and English.

This 2004 report is the first comprehensive review of Pacific health since the Public Health Commission carried out such an assessment in 1996. The current report adopts an indicator approach in order to focus attention on specific issues of particular importance to Pacific peoples. See also: http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/pagesmh/3419

A concerted effort is being made in NSW to educate the community about preventing scald injuries and the campaign is being helped with the new edition of Part 4 of The National Plumbing and Drainage Code.;NSW Health is sponsoring a Child Safety Award to encourage designers and maufacturers to produce devices that will help prevent child scalding. The Australian Design Services division of Standards Australia is administering the award.

Flyer cautioning drivers to give way to pedestrians when turning at the lights.

These two brief articles discuss the do's and don't's of first aid for scalds and burns.

This is a rack card from Plunket in te reo Maori, which provides information and safety advice about the correct installation and use of infant car seats. Also available in English, Samoan and Chinese language (see rec #s 8041, 8043, 8044).

This is a rack card from Plunket in te reo Maori, which provides information and safety advice about the correct installation and use of child car seats. Also available in English, Samoan and Chinese language (see rec #s 8045, 8047, 8048).

This is one of the series of rack cards from Plunket and it provides information and safety advice in Maori about the correct installation and use of booster seats and child safety harnesses. Also available in English and Samoan (see rec #s 9139 and 9141).

Birmingham parents who forget to wear seat belts are being fined by their children in a new approach to raise the level of seat belt wearing. The scheme, "Tusk Force" based on the "elephant" seat belt television commercial, links seat belt wearing with the elephant conservation charity - Tusk Force. Grestone Junior School was approached, to see if they would pilot "Tusk Force and act as host to the regional launch. This success story is outlined in this report by the Deputy Principal

This is a postcard from Plunket with a child passenger safety theme which reinforces the importance of child restraints. It features a picture of a child in a car seat thinking about things of interest to children, with the following safety message text on the reverse side: [Car seats save lives- increasing the chance of surviving a crash by over 70%] in the Samoan language. These postcards are also available in Maori, English and Chinese language. (Also see rec #s 8033, 8034,8036).

The Consumer Safety Unit of the Department of Trade and Industry commissioned a study to provide a clear understanding of the frequency and nature of incidents caused by fires in TVs, and where appropriate, ancillary equipment, throughout the European Union. TVs are used in most homes in Europe, and many homes have more than one TV. It has been noted for several years that there have been instances of domestic fires caused by TVs. Statistics for fire incidents caused by TVs are not readily available in many European countries. However, it is clearly important to establish the facts on how many such incidents occur in different EC member states and the reasons why they occur, and to ensure that they are compared on a like for like basis, with as many substantiated facts as possible. This in turn will help ensure that fully enlightened discussions take place, so that sound policies are agreed to enable consumers throughout the community to purchase TVs that are as safe as is practically possible. The Consumer Safety Unit (CSU) of the Department of Trade and Industry therefore commissioned an independent market research study in order to provide essential information on the similarities and differences that exist throughout Europe. The key objective was to assess the level of incidents due to TV fires in the different EC states and how this varies, together with the trends and reasons for the incidents, supported by as much substantiated fact as possible.

This disc contains a recording of a TV One News item on new research which show that Maori children are 65% more likely to be killed and injured in road traffic-related incidents and that Pacific children are 31% more likely to be killed and injured. It is stated that deaths and injuries are more common in low income areas and that there is a need to prioritise spending on improved road safety facilities in these areas - education plus new facilities like: controlled intersections/ crossings, pedestrian refuges etc. Reporter Sharon Ferguson interviews research Jamie Hosking. Safekids Director Ann Weaver is also interviewed. The published research conclusion reads: "There are substantial ethnic, socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in RTI [road traffic injury] risk in the Auckland region, with high rates among Maori (all ages), Pacific children, people living in socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods, the urban south and rural regions. Implications: To meet the vision of regional plans, road safety efforts must prioritise vulnerable communities at greatest risk of RTI, and implement and monitor the effectiveness of strategies that specifically include a focus on reducing inequalities in RTI rates." See also record # 9932 for the full research report.

A child was asphyxiated as a result of a 2 in 1 pram/stroller tipping and on 25 October TV1 ran a news item in which Reena Kokotailo, Director Safekids demonstrated how the stroller tipped and warned parents to watch for this design problem.

In this TV3 News item reference is made to the 'hidden dangers in household items and Christmas presents posed by coin lithium batteries.' Lisa Taylor's toddler Harrison put a battery up his nose and within hours needed surgery to remove it. Starship ED's Dr Mike Shepherd is interviewed and talks about how within two hours an ingested battery can produce an electric charge which causes an acid to form which causes tissue damage and can burn through tissue layers. He sees a child a fortnight in Starship with a battery ingestion. Safekids' Ann Weaver talks about unsuspected coin/ button batteries being in many common domestic items such as: mini-torches, TV remotes, car remotes, singing cards and bathroom scales. She comments that they can often be easily accessed by small children.

This disc contains recordings of TV One's 'Breakfast' morning show featuring events held for the United Nations Global Road Safety Week 2013 'Long Short Walk'. TV One's 'Breakfast' TV show was broadcast on 7 May 2013 and covers a Long Short Walk event held at Stanley Bay School (involving the charity 'Brake') and a Safekids organised event involving St Joseph's School (Ellerslie). TV1's Brooke Dobson interviews Ann Weaver about pedestrian safety as they walk with the school's 'walking school bus'. Brooke also interviews some of the pupils about child pedestrian hazards such as 'sneaky driveways'.

Looks at the holiday period and Christmas type celebrations as an opportunity to promote safety. A time for promoting safe toys and giving safety related presents (like smoke alarms), promoting safe practices for holidays etc.

Safekids media release on the safety of 2 in 1 strollers after the death of a child in Auckland as the result of a stroller tipping.

In Australia, a new mandatory standard has recently been declared to cover the design and manufacture of bunk beds. The introduction of a second mandatory standard, for babywalkers, has been foreshadowed for later this year. The basic provisions of these two standards are described in this collection of short articles, along with two very different points of view about the usefulness of introducing a standard for babywalkers.

Two seat belt projects were completed in 1999 and 2000 on the North Shore involving Pacific Island and Chinese communities. Both campaigns were approached differently to accomodate the needs of each ethnic group. Resources were provided in the different languages. This report details the implementation and evaluation of these two projects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the circumstances of death and types and roles of objects present in the sleep environment at the time of death for infants who died from suffocation or strangulation during sleep. METHODS: This study analyzed 1,736 reported incidents of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB) of infants younger than one year of age. These fatalities occurred from 2000 through 2012 and were reported to the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. RESULTS: The mean age of ASSB death was 3.76 months (SD: 2.51). Infants younger than five months accounted for 67.3% (1,168/1,736) of all reported fatalities and 58.3% (1,009/1,731) were male. Deceased infants were often found in a crib or bassinet (30.6%; 383/1,253) or in the prone orientation (84.9%; 595/701). The most common objects associated with infant ASSB were pillows (24.5%; 425/1,736), mattresses (21.0%; 364/1,736), blankets (13.1%; 228/1,736), and walls (11.5%; 199/1,736). Wedged (43.3%; 616/1,424) or positioned on top of an object (25.9%; 369/1,424) were the most common positions associated with death. Infants were often found wedged between a mattress and wall (30.2%; 181/599) or oriented face-down or prone on top of a pillow (52.2%; 187/358). Sleep surface sharing was associated with 6.5% (112/1,736) of ASSB deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Pillows and blankets are objects in sleep environments frequently associated with unintentional suffocation and strangulation of infants. Increased efforts should be made to remove these and other objects from sleep environments of infants.

Objective To investigate the circumstances of death and types and roles of objects present in the sleep environment at the time of death for infants who died from suffocation or strangulation during sleep. Methods This study analyzed 1,736 reported incidents of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB) of infants younger than one year of age. These fatalities occurred from 2000 through 2012 and were reported to the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. Results The mean age of ASSB death was 3.76 months (SD: 2.51). Infants younger than five months accounted for 67.3% (1,168/1,736) of all reported fatalities and 58.3% (1,009/1,731) were male. Deceased infants were often found in a crib or bassinet (30.6%; 383/1,253) or in the prone orientation (84.9%; 595/701). The most common objects associated with infant ASSB were pillows (24.5%; 425/1,736), mattresses (21.0%; 364/1,736), blankets (13.1%; 228/1,736), and walls (11.5%; 199/1,736). Wedged (43.3%; 616/1,424) or positioned on top of an object (25.9%; 369/1,424) were the most common positions associated with death. Infants were often found wedged between a mattress and wall (30.2%; 181/599) or oriented face-down or prone on top of a pillow (52.2%; 187/358). Sleep surface sharing was associated with 6.5% (112/1,736) of ASSB deaths. Conclusions Pillows and blankets are objects in sleep environments frequently associated with unintentional suffocation and strangulation of infants. Increased efforts should be made to remove these and other objects from sleep environments of infants.

This paper assesses the effectiveness of child safety seat laws in the United States. Over the past 35 years, these laws have steadily increased mandatory child safety seat restraint ages. We exploit state-year level variation in the age until which children are required to ride in child safety seats to estimate triple difference models using Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from 1975 to 2011. Our findings show that increasing the age thresholds is effective in increasing the actual age of children in safety seats. Across the child-age distribution, restraint rates increase by between 10 and 30 percentage points or by between 50 and 170 percent, in the long run. We also estimate the impact of the child safety seat laws on the likelihood that a child dies in a fatal accident. We find that the laws saved up to 39 children per year. Finally, we find that the laws primarily induce compliant parents to switch from traditional seatbelt use to child safety seat use, with only small effects among parents who do not restrain their children.

ATV injuries requiring an emergency room visit have more than doubled in recent years – from an estimated 54,700 in 1997 to 111,700 in 2001. In this same period, the estimated number of ATV drivers increased 36 percent, driving hours grew 50 percent and the number of ATVs increased 40 percent, according to a recent commission staff analysis. About a third of the victims injured in 2001 were under 16 years old. We are concerned about the disproportionate increase in the numbers of deaths and injuries associated with ATV use in recent years, and we hope this meeting will help us better understand why death and injury rates are up, Stratton said (CPSC Chairman).

The American Academy of Pediatricians has called for a US ban on the manufacture and sale of babywalkers and a recall of existing products. In Canada a voluntary standard suggesting walkers be too wide to allow them through doors lead to the walkers being no longer sold. Problem not so easily solved in U.S. The chief risk of walkers is head injury.

Our goal in this paper was to use the 2006-2013 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database to describe trends of annual patient number, patient demographics and hospital characteristics of pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) treated in U.S. emergency departments (EDs); and to use the same database to estimate the available sample sizes for various clinical trials of pediatric TBI cases. National estimates of patient demographics and hospital characteristics were calculated for pediatric TBI. Simulation analyses assessed the potential number of pediatric TBI cases from randomly selected hospitals for inclusion in future clinical trials under different scenarios. Between 2006 and 2013, the NEDS database estimated that of the 215,204,932 children who visited the ED, 6,089,930 (2.83%) had a TBI diagnosis. During the study period in the US EDs, pediatric TBI patients increased by 34.1%. Simulation analyses suggest that hospital EDs with annual TBI ED visits >1000, Levels I and II Trauma Centers, pediatric hospitals, and teaching hospitals will likely provide ample cases for pediatric TBI studies. However, recruiting severe pediatric TBI cases for clinical trials from a limited number of hospital EDs will be challenging due to small sample sizes. Pediatric TBI-related ED visits in the U.S. increased by over 30% from 2006 to 2013. Including unspecified head injury cases with ICD-9-CM code 959.01 would significantly change the national estimates and demographic patterns of pediatric TBI cases. Future clinical trials of children with TBI should conduct a careful feasibility assessment to estimate their sample size and study power in selected study sites.

The BMA has called on the UK government to set up a national body for injury prevention and control, which would work in partnership across government departments. At present, the UK does not have a national strategy for preventing injuries. (Also see rec. # 5040)

Short article about the some of the NZ activities for UN Global Road Safety Week. The page includes a graphic showing the UN, WHO's 10 strategies for road safety.

In 2013, 883 unbelted rear seat passenger vehicle occupants age 8 and older died in traffic crashes in the United States. More than 400 of these occupants would have survived if they had worn their seat belts. Nationwide, rear seat belt use in 2013 was 78%, 9 percentage points lower than front seat belt use. Rear seat belt use was lower than front seat belt use in almost every state and was substantially lower in many states. But most strategies for encouraging and increasing belt use do not target rear seat occupants. Twenty-two states don’t require belt use in rear seats. The remaining states don’t emphasize rear seat belt use. There are no state or national campaigns explicitly targeting rear seat belt use by adults. Increasing rear seat belt use is a quick, easy, and inexpensive way to save lives.

For two years, a research team at the University of North Carolina has been tracking children's exposure to violence in their homes and neighborhoods, investigating whether there is a correlation between young children's exposure to violence and later antisocial behaviour.

The Fencing of swimming Pools Act 1987 had been in force for 4 years and this is review of the effect of the legislation. It is a briefing paper.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the extent of under-reporting of seriously injured motor vehicle traffic crash victims, as recorded by police, and to what extent this coverage was biased by crash, injury, demographic, and geographic factors. Hospital data and police records were linked using probabilistic methods. During 1995, less than two-thirds of all hospitalised vehicle occupant crash victims were recorded by the police. Reporting rates varied significantly by age, injury severity, length of stay in hospital, month of crash, number of vehicles involved, whether or not a collision occurred, and geographic region, but not by gender, ethnicity or day of the week of the crash. In conclusion, those using these police files for prioritisation, resource allocation and evaluation purposes need to be aware of the extent and nature of these biases contained within these databases.

"Significant underreporting of road traffic injuries by the police has been documented, even in developed countries. The objective of this study was to clarify the magnitude of underreporting of police data in Japan." Results from the study "...reveal significant underreporting by police of child vehicle occupant injuries. The true incidence of these injuries in preschoolers was twice as high as that provided by official police reports." It is concluded that "Police reports would underestimate the magnitude of vehicle occupant injuries in children and distort any evaluations of preventive initiatives. Improving the police report system, and establishing a more comprehensive trauma registry, that would include data from hospitals and insurance companies, should be implemented,"

Health and physical education and cross curricula based activities for years 1-4.

A special report discussing collaborative processes amongst injury prevention individuals and agencies.

A lesson plan to help deliver important safety messages about the dangers associated with children using ATVs. All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) are used widely in New Zealand, particularly on farms. ATV usage has increased every year since their introduction in the early 1980’s. ATVs are now the primary source of farm transportation. Correspondingly, the associated accidents and injuries have also increased at an unacceptable rate with 5% of those accidents involving children under 16 years of age. The four major suppliers of ATVs in New Zealand, along with NZ Police Youth Education Service, ACC, OSH and Federated Farmers are seriously concerned about this increasing accident rate. Over 300 serious injuries and another 800 injury claims as a result of ATV accidents are received by ACC every year. Sadly these include the deaths of both adults and children. Industry and safety authorities consider a number of factors contribute to these sad statistics including: - usage by inexperienced and untrained riders - riders not using helmets or protective clothing - children riding adult sized ATVs - inappropriate use such as carrying passengers and equipment Manufacturers of ATVs and Safety authorities recommend that no one under the age of 16 be allowed to operate an adult sized ATV of over 101cc. However, industry is about to embark on a consultation round to establish an industry agreed standard. At the conclusion of this unit, encourage the following debate and discussion amongst your students: - what minimum age limit would they set and why? - would they make this the law? - tell students there is no law on this at present.. - is age the main factor for limiting children’s usage of ATVs or are there many other factors to consider as well?

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to elicit the perspectives of direct care providers on barriers and facilitators to communicating injury prevention messages to parents/caregivers of children under 4 years of age. The secondary objective was to examine characteristics of an injury prevention messaging strategy preferred by direct care providers. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: This qualitative study was conducted across four regions in Ontario Canada. Fifty-nine direct care providers were purposefully sampled and data interpreted using focus group analysis. MEASURES: Transcripts were analyzed verbatim using content and discourse analysis. RESULTS: Several barriers to communicating injury prevention messages were identified encompassing (a) role, (b) parental, (c) social determinants, and (d) evidence impediments. In an effort to offset some of these barriers, participants endorsed the development of a tailored multicomponent injury prevention strategy adopting action-based messages. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide an in-depth exploration of direct care providers perceptions that can inform the design of materials and dissemination strategies to help increase and optimize access to injury prevention information. Injury prevention messages should be action-oriented, specifically tailored to the stage of child development, and disseminated through both face-to-face interactions and mobile technology.

This folded A4 pamphlet from Brain Injury New Zealand describes their association and features sections on: their Liaison Service, their Education Advisory Service, Supporting your local Association, Becoming a member, Contact information. For more information see: http://www.brain-injury.org.nz/