the author takes a look at what the critics have to say about our once praised accident compensation scheme, and uncovers two major reform proposals at opposite ends of the ideological spectrum.

This resource introduces the sports injury prevention model, which outlines the connection between the key areas for sports injury prevention (listed as keywords below). Education is a key factor in providing safer sporting environments and this resource, aimed at players and coaches will help to reduce the risk of sporting injury.

Temporary tattoo features the 'thought bubble' 'ACC thinksafe' logo.

'Thinksafe' is a safety campaign by ACC which focuses on injury prevention. This bag is part of that campaign. It features the 'thought bubble' 'ACC thinksafe' logo and '0800 THINKSAFE (0800 844 657)' printed in white on a blue fabric carry bag.

'Thinksafe' is a safety campaign by ACC which focuses on injury prevention. This bag is part of that campaign. It features the 'thought bubble' 'ACC thinksafe' logo and '0800 THINKSAFE (0800 844 657)' printed in blue on a white plastic carry bag.

ACC provide this resource to schools and centres in recognition of the important role teachers play in the area of injury prevention education. Teachers already assist in shaping and changing community attitudes and behaviours around child safety and ACC would like to continue to support them in this. They recognise that teachers, as trained professionals, are the best-placed people to deliver these critical life-long messages. The Curriculum Resource is delivered in three separate learning areas: -Early Childhood; -Primary Years 1 – 8; -and High Schools (Years 9 – 13) with four overarching themes: 1) Exploring life’s activities 2) Understanding injury prevention 3) Analysing and managing risk 4) Building safe physical and emotional environments. This resource is distributed free to all schools through Educating New Zealand.

This article introduces this new ACC injury prevention resource for schools and provides a brief overview.; ACC ThinkSafe and Schools is designed to be used from Early Childhood through levels 1- 8 of all primary, intermediate and secondary schools.; Within each level, the resource contains suggested learning experiences, organised into four themes. - exploring life’s activities - understanding injury prevention - analysing and managing risk - building safe physical and emotional environments; Teachers are encouraged to modify the suggested learning experiences according to the needs of students and the time available for the programme.; The strands of the curriculum are directly linked to the themes of this resource.; Essential curriculum skills are identified in the planning guide for each level.

'Thinksafe' is a safety campaign by ACC which focuses on injury prevention. This booklet is part of that campaign. "It suggests ways you can make your life safer, and the lives of those around you." It provides safety advice and injury prevention suggestions for each of the topics listed in the keywords below.

ACC is pleased to provide the following classroom ideas and activities to enable teachers to make ACC Walk Me Home Day a major classroom focus and relate it closely to the objectives of the Health & Physical Education curriculum.

This statement was released by ACC following a spate of injuries and fatalities involving children and ATV's. It provides statistics on off road injuries and comments on its moves to put together a series of print advertisements to highlight the fact that children are not strong or heavy enough to safely operate a full sized ATV.

This CD-Rom teaches people how to identify the potential causes of workplace illness and injury. The CD-Rom is in three parts. Part one tells the story of the platform collapse at Cave creek in 1995. Part two introduces a model that helps to identify the causes and potential causes of injury and Cave Creek is analysed as an example using this model. part three contains workplace examples.

Background to the setting up and history of New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation and how it coped with the financial crisis of the early 90s. Looks critically at ACC regulations today and how they are interpreted. Gives advice to claimants when dealing with ACC.

Profiles ACC's "Renter's healthy home checklist", downloadable at http://www.acc.co.nz/PRD_EXT_CSMP/groups/external_ip/documents/publications_promotion/wpc119614.pdf

The goal of this research was to assess the relative injury reduction effect and acceptability of face guards on batter's helmets. Coaches, parents and players in Indiana baseball youth leagues were asked to respond to pre-season and post-season questionnaires. Approximately one half of the teams were supplied with face guard helmets (intervention); all others used this protection at their discretion (comparison). Parents, players and coaches on the intervention teams reported a reduction in the incidence of oculofacial injuries compared with comparison team respondents. There was no reported adverse effect of face guard use on player performance. In conclusion, helmet face guards should be required for batters to prevent facial injuries in baseball. n.b. Although this study is form the USA and focuses on the game of baseball, the evidence will be basically transferable to bat and ball games common in New Zealand such as cricket and softball.

This fact sheet outlines injury data classifications like: incidence, impact, injury trends, mortality and morbidity. It also presents information on how to access injury data in New Zealand. It uses the headings: New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS), Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) and information on other sources such Statistics New Zealand, Land Transport, New Zealand Police, Safe Communities Foundation New Zealand (SCFNZ) etc. There is discussion about how to access and use National Injury Queries System (NIQS) over the web. There is also an explanation for why injury data is usually 3-4 years in arrears.

This is a poster from CAPT (1994) which provides a child development chart which highlights different hazards, around the home and out and about, for the different ages/stages of child development.

This speech was given at the Second Regional Road Safety Forum in Auckland in May 1994. Boland suggests that emphasis should be placed on road accident avoidance and that good signage and the use of reflective materials to decorate vehicles improve avoidance rates.

A guide to ACC injury statistics for the financial year 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999. The statistics quoted in this report were extracted from ACC's Data Warehouse files around February, 2000.

This is an outline of the 1985 campaign to encourage road users to use highly visible clothing and other aids to make them more conspicuous to motorists.

This article appears to be a comment on a consultative document about a new approach to improving the health of the population but actual reference is not given. It then goes on to comment on the need for accidents to be considered a key area and that the original document does not give injury prevention that status.

Helen Roberts describes an initiative based not on the question, why did that accident happen? but the more intriguing question of how is it that most parents manage to keep their children safe most of the time and what can we learn from them. . Project carried out in area of high unemployment, with one quarter of households headed by loan parent.

Describes a project in a disadvantaged area of Glasgow where unemployment, large family size, single parenthood and hazardous living conditions contribute to a high rate of accidental injury. In order to explain the link, the project is designed to identify risk factors for accidents and the strategies used by the parents to avoid them by means of interviews, surveys and case studies. The research project is running concurrently with a parents' campaign to improve child safety. Together they hope to "provide a basis for safety at home, at play and in transit at the community level." (Abstr "Child Safety Library News")

This bibliography lists all books, reports and articles currently held in the ACC library on the general topic of home and community safety - June 1990.

This guide is designed to be read and used for reference. The main text examines an approach to accident prevention which day care and play settings can use. There are, in addition, appendices giving information on relevant legislation, specific safety measures and resources to which you can refer.;This set of training materials offers a resource for all those who work with children in day care and play settings, to help them develop their skills, knowledge and attitudes in relation to child accident prevention.

A directory of topics, organizations, government departments and resources for injury prevention available in Britain.

This paper presents a model of how three groups of accident prevention measures: modi cation of attitudes, behaviour, and structural conditions, are in uencing two broad categories of risk factors: (a) behaviour, and (b) physical and organisational environment; and two process factors: (c) attitudes and beliefs, and (d) social norms and culture. Some of the hypothesised paths in the model seem to be weak: Attitude modi cation-Attitude- Behaviour-Accidents and injuries (the KAP-model), while others seem strong: Structural modi cation-Physical and organisational environment-Behaviour-Accidents and injuries. When various preventive measures are used in combination, and to the extent that they in uence social norms and cultural factors, they are probably more effective than interventions affecting individuals (modifying factors such as attitudes and beliefs) only. Although attitude change measures seem to have little direct impact on behaviour, they may still have an important role in accident prevention. Important challenges remain to develop interventions that in uence social norms and safety-related aspects of culture and to identify optimal combinations of preventive measures.

"The health of the nation" white paper (UK 1991?) set targets in five key areas for reductions in both mortality and morbidity. The author of this article, Dr. Sara Levene, medical consultant to the CAPT, considers accidents, a major problem which health visitors can do much to control. She reviews how accidents are presented in the white paper, what health visitors can do and what resources are available to help them. She offers particular advice on special accident prevention initiatives and discusses some of the opportunities created by the white paper.

This chapter from the text "Basic principles of child accident prevention" investigates the different types of unintentional injury and any associated trends. A lot of information gathered about childhood accidents is derived from statistics relating to cause of death and from those concerned with the reasons why people are admitted to or attend hospital for treatment. Tables are presented such as "Leading cause of death by age" etc.

This 2009-10 CIPFNZ Summer Research Scholarship research examined child driveway runovers: "While the numbers of accidents are not high, there is little doubt that driveway runovers are an ongoing, often fatal and inevitably avoidable tragedy for children and their families. In many cases the driver is an immediate family member, or a neighbour or friend, which serves to compound the tragedy. This type of accident is, like other unintentional child injuries, preventable. The over-riding objective of this study is to find ways to minimise the incidence and severity of driveway runovers. We also aim to add Waikato data to the existing knowledge base. This report begins with a description of the research process utilised in this project, which combines a literature review with the collection of Waikato data and a review of available resources. Chapter Two presents the literature review, dividing the material into its different sources, then summarising the literature in terms of the three main factors contributing to driveway runovers. The following chapter provides data on Waikato driveway accidents for the period since May 2006. The type and availability of educational resources is then presented. Chapter Four evaluates existing resources and their availability, suggesting how they might be made more accessible to families. It also assesses existing recommendations and provides further suggestions for enhancing driveway safety. These again reflect the three main categories outlined in the literature – human, vehicle and environmental." See also: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/3700

The author, Heather Wiseman, from the National Poisons Unit in the United Kingdom, describes what to look for in cases of childhood poisoning and how to prevent it.

Article discussing difficulties separating certain accidental deaths from SIDS and the importance of formal death scene evaluation and meticulous autopsy of all cases of unexpected infant death. Suggest further investigation of role of bedding and bedclothes in fatal cases. All cots should comply with official standards, mattresses should fit properly, no exposed bolts and screws. Further disseminate the dangers of prone sleeping in infants.

This letter to the Editor discusses the cause of death of very young children and points out that some of those described as SIDS were actually accidental deaths.

This study considered the circumstances surrounding 60 consecutive cases of accidental drowning of children in the Auckland coronial district. More deaths (n=41) occurred around the home than anywhere else... The unfenced or inadequately fenced domestic swimming pool was the most common hazard. Some victims received either no resuscitation or inadequate resuscitation until an ambulance crew arrived at the home.

The aim of this report is to quantify and describe the mortality and morbidity resulting from fall injuries in all age groups in a manner that is meaningful and useful for preventive purposes. The specific objectives are: (1) to examine different data sources to see what they can tell us about the major causes of falls (2) to combine the data on the burden of injury with information on the potential for prevention (3) to discus the evidence relating to preventive strategies and to make recommendations for policy makers and researchers in relation to fall injuries.

Accidental hanging is rare in childhood but is often fatal. Window blind cords pose a particular and unique risk to young children in the UK, accounting for one to two deaths annually. These accidents are frequently associated with non-adherence to the safety instructions provided by the manufacturers. Early discovery of the child and initiation of effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the site of the incident are likely to improve the outcome. Prolonged suspension, children who are pulseless at first contact by the emergency paramedic responder, and patients with prolonged periods of remaining in asystole before return of spontaneous circulation after starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation are unlikely to have intact neurological survival. Management in the hospital includes early airway protection by intubation, maintenance of normal oxygen saturation, normothermia, active control of clinical and sub-clinical seizures, and strict electrolyte and glucose regulation. Child safeguarding concerns should be considered when children have asphyxial injuries, and other signs of child physical abuse should be actively looked for. There is a need for stronger legislation in the UK to prevent some of these accidents, especially those relating to window blind cords.

This report investigates the incidence of childhood drowning in the rural setting and possible strategies for prevention. The focus is on rural water hazards to preschool children and on preventative actions such as: improved supervision, use of water safety education programmes, publications aimed at children, risk identification and better liaison between water, preschool and rural safety bodies.

Despite the medial attention attracted by the presented case in January 2012 and the determined measures taken to minimize the risk of accidental poisoning for children in the direct surroundings of substituted persons, we recently faced two more cases of methadone-intoxicated children in Hamburg. We believe that the most important step to increase awareness of the dangerous effects of methadone for children might be the storage of methadone in lockable boxes, which would make it safe from access by children and third parties. Moreover this way of storing reminds the patients of the risks resulting from their medication. Repeated and comprehensive instruction appears to be the best protection against cases like this to counteract careless handling of the substitution medication.

This research studied children presenting to Merseyside hospitals after ingesting methadone to identify possible preventive measures and management.

This article gives an overview of accidental injury among Australian preschoolers. Gives the numbers of injuries and then briefly some prevention strategies.

The main aim of the survey was to investigate the causes of incidents of suspected accidental ingestion of medications by children aged 0-60 months and to estimate their incidence relative to other types of accident.;To assess the effectiveness of child-resistant closures (CRCs) and unit dose packaging in preventing childhood poisoning with medications, a survey by 14 hospitals of accidental suspected poisonings in children under 5 was compared with a survey of a representative sample of households with children under 5 living in the catchment areas of the hospitals.;A summary of the above research prepared by the Proprietary Association of Great Britain.

Fifty pre-school children thought to have ingested potentially poisonous substances were studied, together with 50 controls. An interview with each child and mother was undertaken in the home situation. Seven at-risk factors make a child more likely to ingest a toxic substance. These are: greater accommodation changes by the family, father having had a large number of jobs, paternal past history of accidents, child's exploring ability, child's past history of poisonings, an abnormal appetite in children older than 2 and lower stimulation indices in 2-5 year olds. Attention is drawn to the similarity between many of these factors and childhood abuse and neglect.

This item is a compilation of articles from Choice and Safeguard Magazines and a fact sheet from the Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia and the title pages of some poisoning reports.

An analysis of poisoning incidents involving children resulting in a telephone call to the National Poisons Centre was undertaken to gain information regarding the circumstance of the incident.

Poisoning of children aged 0–4 years (preschoolers) from medicinal substances is very rarely a cause of death in Australia and the total health burden is relatively small. Over the period for which data is available nationally, no significant change in the incidence rate is evident. It is suggested that a high proportion of cases is admitted to hospital for observation following suspected ingestion of a harmful substance, rather than because of evidence of toxic effects. While poisoning from aromatic analgesics, including Paracetamol, are common, they do not rank amongst the agents responsible for more significant health care burden or death. The number of high health burden cases is greatest in Australia for anticoagulant medications, tranquillisers, barbiturates and antipsychotic and neuroepileptic medications. Deaths most commonly occur from the ingestion of cardiovascular drugs. Research elsewhere has suggested that access to these agents often occur in the home of a grandparent. Poisoning by iron supplements is less of a problem in Australia than has been reported overseas. A higher rate of medicinal poisoning was found for preschoolers residing in country areas. The literature on risk factors and prevention is reviewed and reported.

This article details a recently published NISU study (see rec. # 4931) that shows that poisoning of preschool children from non-medicinal substances is very rarely a cause of death in Australia. Over the period 1979-1997, 27 children aged 0-4 years died due to poisoning by non-medicinal substances. Many of these deaths were due to agricultural and horticultural chemicals (13 cases). However, poisoning of preschool children is a much more substantial problem when defined in terms of hospitalisations. Another important finding of this study was the higher rate of hospitalisation for non-medicinal poisoning amongst pre-schoolers resident in the country as compared to the city.

Poisoning of children aged 0-4 years (preschoolers) from nonmedicinal substances is very rarely a cause of death in Australia. Although poisoning from such substances is a common cause of admission to hospital for this age group, few cases require any surgical or other procedures and length of stay is almost always very short. This suggests that a high proportion of cases are admitted for observation following suspected ingestion of a harmful substance, rather than because of evidence of toxic effects. The incidence rate of poisoning of preschoolers from nonmedicinal substances, based on hospitalisations, was higher in the country than in the city, particularly from rodenticides and 'other plants', but also from detergents, shampoos, other cleaning and polishing agents, petrol, solvents, insecticides, and corrosive and caustic substances.