This was a retrospective analysis of injuries caused by vehicles that were reversing or rolling backwards. The objective was to establish some guidelines for prevention. Results showed that the median age was 2.1 years. Fourteen of the 32 cars were driven by family members; three were rolling backwards without a driver. Most incidents occurred in driveways (37.5%) or farmyards (21.9%). Altogether 70.3% of children sustained "run-over" injuries, 29.6% were hit by the rear bumper or injured by a breaking window. In conclusion, toddlers playing in driveways or farmyards are at risk of an injury caused by reversing vehicles/vehicles rolling backwards.

This photocopy of part of Round and about which appears to be a newsletter concerned with cycling issues. The first article is a report of a conference attended the other speak about environmental concerns of cyclists such as intersection lights and roadway construction.

The Vermont Safe Kids ski safety effort was launched this past winter and includes a brochure listing safe skiiing guidelines and promoting ski helmet use for children. It also includes a push to teach ski instructors the differences between teaching young children and older children, and a one-hour curriculum for ski patrollers ont he developmental and treatment differences between children and adults.

This is a comprehensive text covering the key principles and methods used in veterinary epidemiologic research. It is written primarily for researchers and graduate students in veterinary epidemiology, but the material is equally applicable to those in related disciplines (human epidemiology, public health etc). The first 13 chapters are devoted to issues related to the design and execution of observational studies and controlled trials. Chapters 14 through 23 cover the statistical (multivariable) methods commonly used in the analysis of epidemiologic studies, including extensive coverage of mixed (random effects) models. The book concludes with chapters on meta-analysis and ecologic studies. Extensive use is made of worked examples to demonstrate the principles being covered.

This newsletter describes VicHealth's (the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation) support of injury prevention by the coordination of programmes that target different risk groups eg children and older people. It looks at Sport Safety Promotion, Kidsafe Muscia Viva Education Performance Project (a programme designed to carry the injury prevention message to primary school students), City of Hume Safe Living Programme and the Victorian Injury Surveillance System.

Vic Roads publishes material under the following headings; bicylces, bridges, driving, education, environment, health, maps, miscellaneous, roads, traffic.

Catalogue of road safety videos available to borrow from Vic Roads Library

In this two- part article the author argues that the New Zealand Government has failed to meet its responsibilities under UNCROC.

List includes information sources and resources on many different aspects of outdoor safety: sun protection, playground safety, bites and stings, snow activities, trampolines.

The Victorian Sports Injury Prevention program (VSIPP) was formed in June, 1998. The goal of the VSIPP is "To reduce the prevalence and severity of injury in sport and physical activity and promote healthy participation through partnerships involving peak sports bodies, agencies, government and the community" within the State of Victoria. Strategy to achieve this objective is discussed.

Information for parents on how to hire an infants car seat

Abstract Background Children aged <16 years account for 25% of deaths on all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), despite public health and industry warning against paediatric use. Parents often underestimate instability and other risks associated with ATVs. Objective To determine if a brief intervention consisting of validated computer simulations of ATV performance with a child driver changes attitudes, beliefs and planned safety behaviours of parents of children who ride ATVs. Design/methods Participants were parents of children presenting to a children's hospital emergency department. All participants had children who had ridden an ATV in the past year. Subjects viewed a video simulation of ATVs in scenarios featuring 6-year-old and 10-year-old biofidelic anthropomorphic test devices. Parents completed a survey both before and after viewing the video to report attitudes/beliefs on ATV safety for children, use of safety equipment and family ATV use, as well as risk and safety perception. Results Surveys were collected from 99 parents, mostly mothers (79%), Caucasian (61%) and had high school education or less (64%). The intervention shifted parents’ belief in overall ATV safety (48% unsafe pre-intervention, 73% unsafe post-intervention, p<0.001). After viewing the video simulation, parents were almost six times more likely to perceive ATVs as unsafe (OR 5.96, 95% CI 2.32 to 15.31, p<0.001) and many parents (71%) planned to change family ATV safety rules. Conclusion Video simulations of ATV performance with child riders changed short-term risk perception and planned safety behaviours of parents whose children ride ATVs. Similar educational interventions hold promise for larger-scale studies in at-risk populations.

Nonuse of child car safety seats (CSSs) remains significant; in 2000, 47% of occupant fatalities among children <5 years of age involved unrestrained children. Nonusers and part-time users of CSSs represent small proportions of the US population that have not responded to intervention efforts. This study examined the factors contributing to nonuse or part-time use of CSSs and the effects of exposure to a class for violators of the California Child Passenger Safety (CPS) law. Focus groups (in English and Spanish) were conducted with individuals cited for violation of the law (N = 24). A thematic analysis of notes made by an observer, supplemented by audiotapes of the sessions, was conducted. In addition, a study of the effects of exposure to a violator class on knowledge and correct CSS use was conducted among violators. Certified CPS technicians conducted the classes and interviews. Subjects were parents cited as the driver with a child of 20 to 40 pounds, between 12 and 47 months of age. One hundred subjects recruited from the class were compared with 50 subjects who did not attend a class. Follow-up home interviews, with inspection of CSS use, were conducted 3 months after payment of the fine and completion of all court requirements. Fisher’s exact test was used for 2 x 2 tables, because some of the tables had small cell sizes. The Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used for child restraint use, knowledge, and correct use scales, because some of these variables were not normally distributed. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of several variables on these parameters. Results showed hat factors influencing CSS nonuse were 1) lifestyle factors, 2) transportation and trip circumstances, 3) nonparent or nondriver issues, 4) parenting style, 5) child’s behavior, and 6) perceived risks of nonuse. Violator subjects were mostly Hispanic and female, with incomes of less than $30,000 per year. Those exposed to the class (citation and education group) scored 1 point higher on a knowledge test and had 1 more item correct on a CSS use instrument than did the group not exposed to the class (citation only group). In the logistic model, the citation and education group scored higher on the 2 items that were corrected by the instructor during the class. In conclusion, the focus group study of CPS law violators revealed that multiple complex factors influence consistent use of a CSS. The interplay of the particular vehicle, the trip circumstances, and family/parent/child factors affected the use of a CSS at the time of parent citation. Addressing transportation issues and parenting skills in CPS programs is necessary. Among parents who had been ticketed for not restraining their children, exposure to a violator class demonstrated some benefit, compared with a fine alone. Correct CSS use improved most on items corrected by the instructor. Violator classes that include “hands-on” training show promise for improving rates of correct use of CSSs.

This paper addresses the epidemic proportions violence has reached in the US. It has become the single most important public health problem affecting adolescent males. It is believed paediatricians have a critical role in reducing violence through early identification of risk factors and provision of non-violent problem solving and coping strategies to children, youth and their families.

Contains a number of publications from the World Health Organization about violence.;Included amongst the publications on unintentional injury are burns, drowning and injury factsheets.

This pamphlet promoted cyclists and pedestrians wearing conspicuity aids. The pamphlet was produced some time ago and is now no longer available.

This study aims to quantify the effect of visibility aids on the occurrence of pedestrian and cyclist–motor vehicle collisions and injuries, and drivers’ responses in detection and recognition. Trial reports were systematically reviewed according to predefined eligibility criteria, including randomised controlled trials or controlled before-and-after trials comparing visibility aids and no visibility aids, and of different visibility aids on pedestrian and cyclist safety, and drivers’ responses in detection and recognition. This included trials in which the order of interventions was randomised, or balanced using a Latin square design. Two reviewers independently assessed validity of trials and abstracted data. The main outcome measures were pedestrian and cyclist–motor vehicle collisions and injuries, and drivers’/observers’ responses in the detection and recognition time, distance and frequency. No trials which assessed the effect of visibility aids on pedestrian and cyclist–motor vehicle collisions and injuries were identified. Twelve trials examined the effectiveness of daytime visibility aids and 25 trials on night time visibility aids, including 882 participants. Drivers’ and observers’ detection and recognition improved with visibility aids. For daytime, fluorescent materials in yellow, red and orange colours enhanced detection and recognition. ‘Biomotion’ markings enhanced recognition. Substantial heterogeneity between the trials limits the possibility for meta-analysis. Visibility aids have the potential to improve detection and recognition and would merit further development to gain public acceptance. However, the impact of visibility aids on pedestrian and cyclist safety is unknown and needs to be determined.

The abstract states: "It is estimated that about 18,000 people are injured and 292 are killed annually in backover crashes. A little more than 10 percent of these injuries involve children younger than 5, but older children also are frequently injured in backing crashes. Visibility of the areas behind the vehicle influences how well drivers can detect and avoid obstacles while reversing. Previous research has measured rear visibility in an assortment of vehicles for a 1-2-year-old child as a worst case scenario. The current study measured rear visibility for 12-15 month-olds, but also examined visibility for 30-36- and 60-72-month-old children. The purpose was to identify the areas behind vehicles where younger and older children are not visible and determine the extent to which vehicle technologies like backup cameras improve visibility and parking sensors detect objects in areas that are not visible. Rear visibility in 21 2010-13 model year vehicles with a backup camera system or a backup camera and rear parking sensor system was assessed in an area that was 20 feet wide and extended 70 feet from the rear bumper. A 50th percentile male observer was used to make judgments about the visibility of targets simulating the height of a child 12-15 months old (30.2 inches tall), 30-36 months old (36.8 inches tall), and 60-72 months old (42.7 inches tall). Judgments were made using the left and right side mirrors, rearview mirror, glances over the right shoulder through the rear window, backup camera, and parking sensors (if available). The area behind the vehicle where each target was not visible (blind zone) and the average sight distance from the rear bumper to the target were used to characterize rear visibility for each vehicle. The size of the image in the backup camera display from the midpoint of the observer’s eyes also was assessed." PDF available at: http://www.iihs.org/research/topics/children.html

This pamphlet introduces the vision for the New Zealand Fire Service.

This DVD introduces the vision for the New Zealand Fire Service and the programmes in place to achieve that vision.

Regional Growth Forum was established to examine the options and alternatives to accommodating future growth in the Auckland Region and to manage its effects. Regional Growth Strategy looks... to the middle of the 21st century. A range of technical reports that provide and analysis and background information to the issues dealt with in this strategy are included.;Summary

Inspired by Swedish legislation, Vision Zero policies are being adopted in the United States with increasing frequency. Although some view the goal of eliminating serious injury and death on the road system as impractical, Sweden's lower rates of road-related injury and death provide compelling evidence that more can be done to improve US cycling safety. We examine existing Vision Zero and cycling-related literature to highlight the central components of the Swedish policy, with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for successful implementation of similar policies in the United States. Ultimately, infrastructure design should remain central in US Vision Zero plans, but supplemental initiatives promoting a cycling and safety culture also can be incorporated. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 13, 2016: e1-e3. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303466).

Since 1988, VISS has collected detailed injury surveillance data from clusters of Victorian public hospital emergency departmetns for the purpose of injury prevention. Progress towards electronic emergency department management systems and some limitations of the original system have necessitate the development of a second generation injury surveillance system in Victoria. This article discusses the new system.

Prevention of dishwasher machine detergent poisonings.

INTRODUCTION: There have been dramatic improvements in reducing infant sleep-related deaths since the 1990s, when recommendations were introduced to place infants on their backs for sleep. However, there are still approximately 3,500 sleep-related deaths among infants each year in the United States, including those from sudden infant death syndrome, accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed, and unknown causes. Unsafe sleep practices, including placing infants in a nonsupine (on side or on stomach) sleep position, bed sharing, and using soft bedding in the sleep environment (e.g., blankets, pillows, and soft objects) are modifiable risk factors for sleep-related infant deaths.

Information with this folder has been produced to enable all involved in the process of democracy in New Zealand to promote the rights and welfare of our children.

Discusses WA CAPFA's use of sponsorship opportunites in sport and the arts to further the safety message.

OBJECTIVES: To compare an indigenous sleep device (wahakura) for infants at high risk for sudden unexpected death with a bassinet, for measures of infant sleep position, head covering, breastfeeding, bed-sharing, and maternal sleep and fatigue. METHODS: A total of 200 mainly Maori pregnant women were recruited from deprived areas of New Zealand. They were randomized to receive a bassinet or wahakura and asked to sleep the infant in this device from birth. Questionnaires at 1, 3, and 6 months and an overnight infrared video in the home at 1 month were completed. RESULTS: An intention-to-treat and an "as-used" analysis of questionnaires showed no group differences at 1, 3, and 6 months in infant-adult direct bed-sharing (7% vs 12%, P =.24 at 1 month), and at the 6-month interview, the wahakura group reported twice the level of full breastfeeding (22.5% vs 10.7%, P =.04). Maternal sleep and fatigue were not significantly different between groups. Video identified no increase in head covering, prone/side sleep position, or bed-sharing in the wahakura group, either from intention-to-treat analysis, or when analyzed for actual sleep location. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in infant risk behaviors in wahakura compared with bassinets and there were other advantages, including an increase in sustained breastfeeding. This suggests wahakura are relatively safe and can be promoted as an alternative to infant-adult bed-sharing. Policies that encourage utilization are likely to be helpful in high-risk populations.

This newly updated Maori language rack card (2004) from Plunket provides information and safety advice about the use of booster seats and child safety harnesses. A booster seat can be used for a child from 14kg to 26kg. However, it is recommended that you use a child car seat for as long as possible. Never use a booster seat with a lap belt only. A child safety harness is an excellent option for restraining an older child in a car and can be used with or without a booster seat.

Results of a survey of primary school age children from the Waimakariri District on whether they've ridden a horse.

Results of a survey of primary school age children from the Waimakariri District on whether they've ridden a full sized quad bike.

There has been a dramatic drop in the number of children admitted to hospital due to injuries in Waitakere City. That's the finding of a major Auckland University study, which compared hospitalisations rates from injuries in Waitakere City from 1989 to 1998. the study ... found the total number of children hospitalised decreased from 710 (in 1997) to 667 (in 1998). That represents the first drop in 6 years and is a reversal of a nationwide trend. The figures have been attributed to a pilot project run in association with Waitakere City Council.

This article outlines briefly some elements of the Waitakere City Community injury Prevention Programme.

This report identifies road safety issues in the Waitakere City area and provides an overview of reported injury crash numbers, casualties and trends. The data for the City is compared with a peer group of similar local authorities, along with data for all of New Zealand.

This document provides an injury profile of Waitakere City, with particular attention given to the unintentional injury burden and opportunities for the prevention of unintentional injuries within Waitakere City.

Safekids has publicly welcomed, via a Media Release issued on 19 March (see rec # 6409), the Government’s recent decision to allow territorial local authorities (TLAs) to set lower speed limits within their areas. We firmly believe that an initiative such as that proposed by Waitakere City Council to Local Government New Zealand will help to save lives and reduce the toll of child pedestrian injuries, which is a significant problem in New Zealand. Child pedestrians are most at risk of injury on the way to and from school, particularly between 3pm and 6pm. Overseas studies show that lowering speed limits past schools both before and after the school day can reduce road related injuries and deaths for children. The extent of the child pedestrian injury problem in New Zealand, and the leading role that motor vehicles play in it, are outlined in the attached document "The burden of unintentional injury in New Zealand: the principal cause of child death". We also firmly believe that under the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child, Local Government has a responsibility for children to have a “first call” upon resources.